EE2024 BIO–MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
AIM
The course is designed to make the student acquire an adequate knowledge of
the physiological systems of the human body and relate them to the parameters
that have clinical importance. The fundamental principles of equipment that are
actually in use at the present day are introduced.
OBJECTIVES
i. To provide an acquaintance of the physiology of the heart, lung, blood
circulation and circulation respiration. Biomedical applications of different
transducers used.
ii. To introduce the student to the various sensing and measurement
devices of electrical origin. To provide awareness of electrical safety of
medical equipments
iii. To provide the latest ideas on devices of non-electrical devices.
iv. To bring out the important and modern methods of imaging techniques.
v. To provide latest knowledge of medical assistance / techniques and
therapeutic equipments.
1. PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS
Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system:
Functional organisation of the nervous system – Structure of nervous system,
neurons - synapse –transmitters and neural communication – Cardiovascular
system – respiratory system – Basic components of a biomedical system -
Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic transducers -
Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.
2. ELECTRO – PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
Electrodes –Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable
electrodes - Micro, needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers: Preamplifiers,
differential amplifiers, chopper amplifiers – Isolation amplifier. ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording methods – Typical waveforms. Electrical safety in medical environment: shock hazards – leakage current- Instruments for checking safety parameters of biomedical equipments
3. NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS
Measurement of blood pressure – Cardiac output – Heart rate – Heart sound –
Pulmonary function measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, BodyPlethysmography – Blood Gas analysers : pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR measurements .
4. MEDICAL IMAGING
Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI –
Ultrasonography – Endoscopy – Thermography – Different types of biotelemetry systems and patient monitoring – Introduction to Biometric systems
5. ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS
Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators –
Diathermy – Heart – Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.S.Khandpur, ‘Hand Book of Bio-Medical instrumentation’, Tata McGraw HillPublishing Co Ltd., 2003.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J.Weibell, Erich A.Pfeiffer, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation and Measurements’, II edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / PHI.
REFERENCES
1. M.Arumugam, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, Anuradha Agencies, 2003.
2. L.A. Geddes and L.E.Baker, ‘Principles of Applied Bio-Medical Instrumentation’,John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
3. J.Webster, ‘Medical Instrumentation’, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
4. C.Rajarao and S.K. Guha, ‘Principles of Medical Electronics and Bio-medical
Instrumentation’, Universities press (India) Ltd, Orient Longman ltd, 2000.