Note: Coloured Topics are important
UNIT I PROCESSES
AND THREADS
Introduction to operating systems
– review of computer organization – operating system structures – system calls – system programs – system structure – virtual machines. Processes:
Process concept – Process scheduling – Operations on processes – Cooperating
processes – Interprocess communication
– Communication in client-server systems. Case study: IPC in Linux. Threads:
Multithreading models – Threading issues. Case Study: Pthreads library
UNIT II PROCESS
SCHEDULING AND SYNCHRONIZATION
CPU Scheduling:
Scheduling criteria – Scheduling algorithms – Multiple-processor scheduling – Real
time scheduling – Algorithm Evaluation. Case study: Process scheduling in
Linux. Process Synchronization: The critical-section problem – Synchronization
hardware – Semaphores –
Classic problems of synchronization – critical regions – Monitors. Deadlock: System model – Deadlock characterization
– Methods for handling deadlocks – Deadlock prevention – Deadlock avoidance – Deadlock
detection – Recovery from deadlock.
UNIT III STORAGE
MANAGEMENT
Memory Management: Background – Swapping – Contiguous memory
allocation – Paging – Segmentation
– Segmentation with paging. Virtual Memory:Background – Demand paging – Process creation – Page
replacement –Allocation of frames – Thrashing. Case Study: Memory management
in Linux 80
UNIT IV FILE
SYSTEMS
File-System Interface: File
concept – Access methods – Directory
structure –File-system mounting – Protection. File-System Implementation
: Directory implementation –
Allocation methods – Free space
management – efficiency and performance – recovery – log-structured file
systems. Case studies: File system in Linux – file system in Windows XP
UNIT V I/O
SYSTEMS
I/O Systems – I/O Hardware – Application I/O
interface – kernel I/O
subsystem – streams – performance. Mass-Storage Structure: Disk scheduling – Disk management – Swap-space management
– RAID – disk
attachment – stable storage – tertiary storage. Case study: I/O in Linux