CS 2411 Operating Systems Important Topics for Nov/Dec Examniation

Note: Coloured Topics are important

UNIT I PROCESSES AND THREADS

Introduction to operating systems – review of computer organization – operating system structures – system calls – system programs – system structure – virtual machines. Processes: Process concept – Process scheduling – Operations on processes – Cooperating processes – Interprocess communication – Communication in client-server systems. Case study: IPC in Linux. Threads: Multithreading models – Threading issues. Case Study: Pthreads library

UNIT II PROCESS SCHEDULING AND SYNCHRONIZATION

CPU Scheduling: Scheduling criteria – Scheduling algorithms – Multiple-processor scheduling – Real time scheduling – Algorithm Evaluation. Case study: Process scheduling in Linux. Process Synchronization: The critical-section problem – Synchronization hardware – Semaphores – Classic problems of synchronization – critical regions – Monitors. Deadlock: System model – Deadlock characterization – Methods for handling deadlocks – Deadlock prevention – Deadlock avoidance – Deadlock detection – Recovery from deadlock.

UNIT III STORAGE MANAGEMENT

Memory Management: Background – Swapping – Contiguous memory allocation – Paging – Segmentation – Segmentation with paging. Virtual Memory:Background – Demand paging – Process creation – Page replacement –Allocation of frames – Thrashing. Case Study: Memory management

in Linux 80

UNIT IV FILE SYSTEMS

File-System Interface: File concept – Access methods – Directory structure –File-system mounting – Protection. File-System Implementation : Directory implementation – Allocation methods – Free space management – efficiency and performance – recovery – log-structured file systems. Case studies: File system in Linux – file system in Windows XP

UNIT V I/O SYSTEMS

I/O Systems – I/O Hardware – Application I/O interface – kernel I/O subsystem – streams – performance. Mass-Storage Structure: Disk scheduling – Disk management – Swap-space management – RAID – disk attachment – stable storage – tertiary storage. Case study: I/O in Linux